diff --git a/app/Actions/PublishRouteArticleAction.php b/app/Actions/PublishRouteArticleAction.php
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..b6a2f204
--- /dev/null
+++ b/app/Actions/PublishRouteArticleAction.php
@@ -0,0 +1,107 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace App\Actions;
+
+use App\Enums\LogLevelEnum;
+use App\Enums\NotificationSeverityEnum;
+use App\Enums\NotificationTypeEnum;
+use App\Enums\PublishStatusEnum;
+use App\Events\ActionPerformed;
+use App\Exceptions\PublishException;
+use App\Models\RouteArticle;
+use App\Services\Article\ArticleFetcher;
+use App\Services\Notification\NotificationService;
+use App\Services\Publishing\ArticlePublishingService;
+use App\Services\Publishing\PublishOutcome;
+use Exception;
+
+class PublishRouteArticleAction
+{
+    public function __construct(
+        private ArticleFetcher $articleFetcher,
+        private ArticlePublishingService $publishingService,
+        private NotificationService $notificationService,
+    ) {}
+
+    /**
+     * @throws PublishException
+     */
+    public function execute(RouteArticle $routeArticle): PublishOutcome
+    {
+        $article = $routeArticle->article;
+
+        $routeArticle->update(['publish_status' => PublishStatusEnum::PUBLISHING]);
+
+        try {
+            $extractedData = $this->articleFetcher->fetchArticleData($article);
+            $outcome = $this->publishingService->publishRouteArticle($routeArticle, $extractedData);
+        } catch (Exception $e) {
+            $routeArticle->update(['publish_status' => PublishStatusEnum::ERROR]);
+
+            ActionPerformed::dispatch('Failed to publish article', LogLevelEnum::ERROR, [
+                'article_id' => $article->id,
+                'error' => $e->getMessage(),
+            ]);
+
+            $this->notificationService->send(
+                NotificationTypeEnum::PUBLISH_FAILED,
+                NotificationSeverityEnum::ERROR,
+                "Publish failed: {$article->title}",
+                $e->getMessage(),
+                $article,
+            );
+
+            throw $e;
+        }
+
+        match (true) {
+            $outcome->succeeded() => $this->recordPublished($routeArticle),
+            $outcome->wasSkipped() => $this->recordSkipped($routeArticle, $outcome),
+            default => $this->recordFailed($routeArticle, $outcome),
+        };
+
+        return $outcome;
+    }
+
+    private function recordPublished(RouteArticle $routeArticle): void
+    {
+        $routeArticle->update(['publish_status' => PublishStatusEnum::PUBLISHED]);
+
+        ActionPerformed::dispatch('Published article', LogLevelEnum::INFO, [
+            'article_id' => $routeArticle->article->id,
+            'title' => $routeArticle->article->title,
+        ]);
+    }
+
+    private function recordSkipped(RouteArticle $routeArticle, PublishOutcome $outcome): void
+    {
+        $routeArticle->update(['publish_status' => PublishStatusEnum::SKIPPED]);
+
+        ActionPerformed::dispatch('Skipped publishing article', LogLevelEnum::INFO, [
+            'article_id' => $routeArticle->article->id,
+            'title' => $routeArticle->article->title,
+            'reason' => $outcome->reason,
+        ]);
+    }
+
+    private function recordFailed(RouteArticle $routeArticle, PublishOutcome $outcome): void
+    {
+        $article = $routeArticle->article;
+
+        $routeArticle->update(['publish_status' => PublishStatusEnum::ERROR]);
+
+        ActionPerformed::dispatch('No publication created for article', LogLevelEnum::WARNING, [
+            'article_id' => $article->id,
+            'title' => $article->title,
+            'reason' => $outcome->reason,
+        ]);
+
+        $this->notificationService->send(
+            NotificationTypeEnum::PUBLISH_FAILED,
+            NotificationSeverityEnum::WARNING,
+            "Publish failed: {$article->title}",
+            $outcome->reason ?? 'No publication was created for this article.',
+            $article,
+        );
+    }
+}
diff --git a/app/Enums/PublishStatusEnum.php b/app/Enums/PublishStatusEnum.php
index 03260e30..c4e49b2a 100644
--- a/app/Enums/PublishStatusEnum.php
+++ b/app/Enums/PublishStatusEnum.php
@@ -7,5 +7,6 @@ enum PublishStatusEnum: string
     case UNPUBLISHED = 'unpublished';
     case PUBLISHING = 'publishing';
     case PUBLISHED = 'published';
+    case SKIPPED = 'skipped';
     case ERROR = 'error';
 }
diff --git a/app/Jobs/PublishNextArticleJob.php b/app/Jobs/PublishNextArticleJob.php
index fd9a8118..e4ce99c7 100644
--- a/app/Jobs/PublishNextArticleJob.php
+++ b/app/Jobs/PublishNextArticleJob.php
@@ -2,19 +2,14 @@
 
 namespace App\Jobs;
 
+use App\Actions\PublishRouteArticleAction;
 use App\Enums\ApprovalStatusEnum;
 use App\Enums\LogLevelEnum;
-use App\Enums\NotificationSeverityEnum;
-use App\Enums\NotificationTypeEnum;
-use App\Enums\PublishStatusEnum;
 use App\Events\ActionPerformed;
 use App\Exceptions\PublishException;
 use App\Models\ArticlePublication;
 use App\Models\RouteArticle;
 use App\Models\Setting;
-use App\Services\Article\ArticleFetcher;
-use App\Services\Notification\NotificationService;
-use App\Services\Publishing\ArticlePublishingService;
 use Illuminate\Contracts\Queue\ShouldBeUnique;
 use Illuminate\Contracts\Queue\ShouldQueue;
 use Illuminate\Foundation\Queue\Queueable;
@@ -38,7 +33,7 @@ public function __construct()
      *
      * @throws PublishException
      */
-    public function handle(ArticleFetcher $articleFetcher, ArticlePublishingService $publishingService, NotificationService $notificationService): void
+    public function handle(PublishRouteArticleAction $publishRouteArticle): void
     {
         $interval = Setting::getArticlePublishingInterval();
 
@@ -72,52 +67,6 @@ public function handle(ArticleFetcher $articleFetcher, ArticlePublishingService
             'route' => $routeArticle->feed_id.'-'.$routeArticle->platform_channel_id,
         ]);
 
-        $routeArticle->update(['publish_status' => PublishStatusEnum::PUBLISHING]);
-
-        try {
-            $extractedData = $articleFetcher->fetchArticleData($article);
-            $publication = $publishingService->publishRouteArticle($routeArticle, $extractedData);
-
-            if ($publication) {
-                $routeArticle->update(['publish_status' => PublishStatusEnum::PUBLISHED]);
-
-                ActionPerformed::dispatch('Successfully published article', LogLevelEnum::INFO, [
-                    'article_id' => $article->id,
-                    'title' => $article->title,
-                ]);
-            } else {
-                $routeArticle->update(['publish_status' => PublishStatusEnum::ERROR]);
-
-                ActionPerformed::dispatch('No publication created for article', LogLevelEnum::WARNING, [
-                    'article_id' => $article->id,
-                    'title' => $article->title,
-                ]);
-
-                $notificationService->send(
-                    NotificationTypeEnum::PUBLISH_FAILED,
-                    NotificationSeverityEnum::WARNING,
-                    "Publish failed: {$article->title}",
-                    'No publication was created for this article. Check channel routing configuration.',
-                    $article,
-                );
-            }
-        } catch (PublishException $e) {
-            $routeArticle->update(['publish_status' => PublishStatusEnum::ERROR]);
-
-            ActionPerformed::dispatch('Failed to publish article', LogLevelEnum::ERROR, [
-                'article_id' => $article->id,
-                'error' => $e->getMessage(),
-            ]);
-
-            $notificationService->send(
-                NotificationTypeEnum::PUBLISH_FAILED,
-                NotificationSeverityEnum::ERROR,
-                "Publish failed: {$article->title}",
-                $e->getMessage(),
-                $article,
-            );
-
-            throw $e;
-        }
+        $publishRouteArticle->execute($routeArticle);
     }
 }
diff --git a/app/Jobs/SyncChannelPostsJob.php b/app/Jobs/SyncChannelPostsJob.php
index d598733f..96043a2e 100644
--- a/app/Jobs/SyncChannelPostsJob.php
+++ b/app/Jobs/SyncChannelPostsJob.php
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ private function syncLemmyChannelPosts(LogSaver $logSaver): void
 
             $communityId = $api->resolveCommunityId($this->channel->channel_id, $token);
 
-            $api->syncChannelPosts($token, $communityId, $this->channel->name);
+            $api->syncChannelPosts($token, $this->channel, $communityId);
 
             $logSaver->info('Channel posts synced successfully', $this->channel);
         } catch (Exception $e) {
diff --git a/app/Listeners/PublishApprovedArticleListener.php b/app/Listeners/PublishApprovedArticleListener.php
index b08e3b7e..ae9524e7 100644
--- a/app/Listeners/PublishApprovedArticleListener.php
+++ b/app/Listeners/PublishApprovedArticleListener.php
@@ -2,15 +2,8 @@
 
 namespace App\Listeners;
 
-use App\Enums\LogLevelEnum;
-use App\Enums\NotificationSeverityEnum;
-use App\Enums\NotificationTypeEnum;
-use App\Enums\PublishStatusEnum;
-use App\Events\ActionPerformed;
+use App\Actions\PublishRouteArticleAction;
 use App\Events\RouteArticleApproved;
-use App\Services\Article\ArticleFetcher;
-use App\Services\Notification\NotificationService;
-use App\Services\Publishing\ArticlePublishingService;
 use Exception;
 use Illuminate\Contracts\Queue\ShouldQueue;
 
@@ -19,9 +12,7 @@ class PublishApprovedArticleListener implements ShouldQueue
     public string $queue = 'publishing';
 
     public function __construct(
-        private ArticleFetcher $articleFetcher,
-        private ArticlePublishingService $publishingService,
-        private NotificationService $notificationService,
+        private PublishRouteArticleAction $publishRouteArticle,
     ) {}
 
     public function handle(RouteArticleApproved $event): void
@@ -29,7 +20,6 @@ public function handle(RouteArticleApproved $event): void
         $routeArticle = $event->routeArticle;
         $article = $routeArticle->article;
 
-        // Skip if already published to this channel
         if ($article->articlePublications()
             ->where('platform_channel_id', $routeArticle->platform_channel_id)
             ->exists()
@@ -37,50 +27,10 @@ public function handle(RouteArticleApproved $event): void
             return;
         }
 
-        $routeArticle->update(['publish_status' => PublishStatusEnum::PUBLISHING]);
-
         try {
-            $extractedData = $this->articleFetcher->fetchArticleData($article);
-            $publication = $this->publishingService->publishRouteArticle($routeArticle, $extractedData);
-
-            if ($publication) {
-                $routeArticle->update(['publish_status' => PublishStatusEnum::PUBLISHED]);
-
-                ActionPerformed::dispatch('Published approved article', LogLevelEnum::INFO, [
-                    'article_id' => $article->id,
-                    'title' => $article->title,
-                ]);
-            } else {
-                $routeArticle->update(['publish_status' => PublishStatusEnum::ERROR]);
-
-                ActionPerformed::dispatch('No publication created for approved article', LogLevelEnum::WARNING, [
-                    'article_id' => $article->id,
-                    'title' => $article->title,
-                ]);
-
-                $this->notificationService->send(
-                    NotificationTypeEnum::PUBLISH_FAILED,
-                    NotificationSeverityEnum::WARNING,
-                    "Publish failed: {$article->title}",
-                    'No publication was created for this article. Check channel routing configuration.',
-                    $article,
-                );
-            }
-        } catch (Exception $e) {
-            $routeArticle->update(['publish_status' => PublishStatusEnum::ERROR]);
-
-            ActionPerformed::dispatch('Failed to publish approved article', LogLevelEnum::ERROR, [
-                'article_id' => $article->id,
-                'error' => $e->getMessage(),
-            ]);
-
-            $this->notificationService->send(
-                NotificationTypeEnum::PUBLISH_FAILED,
-                NotificationSeverityEnum::ERROR,
-                "Publish failed: {$article->title}",
-                $e->getMessage(),
-                $article,
-            );
+            $this->publishRouteArticle->execute($routeArticle);
+        } catch (Exception) {
+            // The action has already recorded the failure and notified.
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/app/Models/PlatformChannelPost.php b/app/Models/PlatformChannelPost.php
index a411b241..9b94da42 100644
--- a/app/Models/PlatformChannelPost.php
+++ b/app/Models/PlatformChannelPost.php
@@ -2,13 +2,12 @@
 
 namespace App\Models;
 
-use App\Enums\PlatformEnum;
 use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Factories\Factory;
 use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Factories\HasFactory;
 use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;
+use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Relations\BelongsTo;
 
 /**
- * @method static where(string $string, PlatformEnum $platform)
  * @method static updateOrCreate(array<string, mixed> $array, array<string, mixed> $array1)
  */
 class PlatformChannelPost extends Model
@@ -17,9 +16,7 @@ class PlatformChannelPost extends Model
     use HasFactory;
 
     protected $fillable = [
-        'platform',
-        'channel_id',
-        'channel_name',
+        'platform_channel_id',
         'post_id',
         'url',
         'title',
@@ -33,26 +30,24 @@ protected function casts(): array
     {
         return [
             'posted_at' => 'datetime',
-            'platform' => PlatformEnum::class,
         ];
     }
 
-    public static function urlExists(PlatformEnum $platform, string $channelId, string $url): bool
+    /**
+     * @return BelongsTo<PlatformChannel, $this>
+     */
+    public function platformChannel(): BelongsTo
     {
-        return self::where('platform', $platform)
-            ->where('channel_id', $channelId)
-            ->where('url', $url)
-            ->exists();
+        return $this->belongsTo(PlatformChannel::class);
     }
 
-    public static function duplicateExists(PlatformEnum $platform, string $channelId, ?string $url, ?string $title): bool
+    public static function duplicateExists(PlatformChannel $channel, ?string $url, ?string $title): bool
     {
         if (! $url && ! $title) {
             return false;
         }
 
-        return self::where('platform', $platform)
-            ->where('channel_id', $channelId)
+        return self::where('platform_channel_id', $channel->id)
             ->where(function ($query) use ($url, $title) {
                 if ($url) {
                     $query->orWhere('url', $url);
@@ -64,16 +59,14 @@ public static function duplicateExists(PlatformEnum $platform, string $channelId
             ->exists();
     }
 
-    public static function storePost(PlatformEnum $platform, string $channelId, ?string $channelName, string $postId, ?string $url, ?string $title, ?\DateTime $postedAt = null): self
+    public static function storePost(PlatformChannel $channel, string $postId, ?string $url, ?string $title, ?\DateTime $postedAt = null): self
     {
         return self::updateOrCreate(
             [
-                'platform' => $platform,
-                'channel_id' => $channelId,
+                'platform_channel_id' => $channel->id,
                 'post_id' => $postId,
             ],
             [
-                'channel_name' => $channelName,
                 'url' => $url,
                 'title' => $title,
                 'posted_at' => $postedAt ?? now(),
diff --git a/app/Modules/Lemmy/Services/LemmyApiService.php b/app/Modules/Lemmy/Services/LemmyApiService.php
index 0ab58d21..c3d23c5c 100644
--- a/app/Modules/Lemmy/Services/LemmyApiService.php
+++ b/app/Modules/Lemmy/Services/LemmyApiService.php
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 namespace App\Modules\Lemmy\Services;
 
-use App\Enums\PlatformEnum;
+use App\Models\PlatformChannel;
 use App\Models\PlatformChannelPost;
 use App\Modules\Lemmy\LemmyRequest;
 use Exception;
@@ -117,12 +117,12 @@ public function getCommunityId(string $communityName, string $token): int
         }
     }
 
-    public function syncChannelPosts(string $token, int $platformChannelId, string $communityName): void
+    public function syncChannelPosts(string $token, PlatformChannel $channel, int $communityId): void
     {
         try {
             $request = new LemmyRequest($this->instance, $token);
             $response = $request->get('post/list', [
-                'community_id' => $platformChannelId,
+                'community_id' => $communityId,
                 'limit' => 50,
                 'sort' => 'New',
             ]);
@@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ public function syncChannelPosts(string $token, int $platformChannelId, string $
             if (! $response->successful()) {
                 logger()->warning('Failed to sync channel posts', [
                     'status' => $response->status(),
-                    'platform_channel_id' => $platformChannelId,
+                    'platform_channel_id' => $channel->id,
                 ]);
 
                 return;
@@ -143,9 +143,7 @@ public function syncChannelPosts(string $token, int $platformChannelId, string $
                 $post = $postData['post'];
 
                 PlatformChannelPost::storePost(
-                    PlatformEnum::LEMMY,
-                    (string) $platformChannelId,
-                    $communityName,
+                    $channel,
                     (string) $post['id'],
                     $post['url'] ?? null,
                     $post['name'] ?? null,
@@ -154,14 +152,14 @@ public function syncChannelPosts(string $token, int $platformChannelId, string $
             }
 
             logger()->info('Synced channel posts', [
-                'platform_channel_id' => $platformChannelId,
+                'platform_channel_id' => $channel->id,
                 'posts_count' => count($posts),
             ]);
 
         } catch (Exception $e) {
             logger()->error('Exception while syncing channel posts', [
                 'error' => $e->getMessage(),
-                'platform_channel_id' => $platformChannelId,
+                'platform_channel_id' => $channel->id,
             ]);
         }
     }
diff --git a/app/Services/Publishing/ArticlePublishingService.php b/app/Services/Publishing/ArticlePublishingService.php
index 4d427fca..622e5cb7 100644
--- a/app/Services/Publishing/ArticlePublishingService.php
+++ b/app/Services/Publishing/ArticlePublishingService.php
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ protected function makePublisher(mixed $account): LemmyPublisher
      *
      * @throws PublishException
      */
-    public function publishRouteArticle(RouteArticle $routeArticle, array $extractedData): ?ArticlePublication
+    public function publishRouteArticle(RouteArticle $routeArticle, array $extractedData): PublishOutcome
     {
         $article = $routeArticle->article;
         $channel = $routeArticle->platformChannel;
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ public function publishRouteArticle(RouteArticle $routeArticle, array $extracted
                 'route_article_id' => $routeArticle->id,
             ]);
 
-            return null;
+            return PublishOutcome::failure('No active account for channel');
         }
 
         return $this->publishToChannel($article, $extractedData, $channel, $account);
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ public function publishRouteArticle(RouteArticle $routeArticle, array $extracted
     /**
      * @param  array<string, mixed>  $extractedData
      */
-    private function publishToChannel(Article $article, array $extractedData, PlatformChannel $channel, mixed $account): ?ArticlePublication
+    private function publishToChannel(Article $article, array $extractedData, PlatformChannel $channel, mixed $account): PublishOutcome
     {
         $lock = Cache::lock("publish:{$article->id}:{$channel->id}", self::LOCK_TTL_SECONDS);
 
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ private function publishToChannel(Article $article, array $extractedData, Platfo
                         'article_id' => $article->id,
                     ]);
 
-                    return null;
+                    return PublishOutcome::skipped('Already published to this channel');
                 }
 
                 return $this->doPublishToChannel($article, $extractedData, $channel, $account);
@@ -94,31 +94,26 @@ private function publishToChannel(Article $article, array $extractedData, Platfo
                 'article_id' => $article->id,
             ]);
 
-            return null;
+            return PublishOutcome::skipped('Another worker is publishing this article');
         }
     }
 
     /**
      * @param  array<string, mixed>  $extractedData
      */
-    private function doPublishToChannel(Article $article, array $extractedData, PlatformChannel $channel, mixed $account): ?ArticlePublication
+    private function doPublishToChannel(Article $article, array $extractedData, PlatformChannel $channel, mixed $account): PublishOutcome
     {
         try {
             // Check if this URL or title was already posted to this channel
             $title = $extractedData['title'] ?? $article->title;
-            if (PlatformChannelPost::duplicateExists(
-                $channel->platformInstance->platform,
-                (string) $channel->channel_id,
-                $article->url,
-                $title
-            )) {
+            if (PlatformChannelPost::duplicateExists($channel, $article->url, $title)) {
                 $this->logSaver->info('Skipping duplicate: URL or title already posted to channel', $channel, [
                     'article_id' => $article->id,
                     'url' => $article->url,
                     'title' => $title,
                 ]);
 
-                return null;
+                return PublishOutcome::skipped('URL or title already posted to this channel');
             }
 
             $publisher = $this->makePublisher($account);
@@ -138,14 +133,14 @@ private function doPublishToChannel(Article $article, array $extractedData, Plat
                 'article_id' => $article->id,
             ]);
 
-            return $publication;
+            return PublishOutcome::published($publication);
         } catch (Exception $e) {
             $this->logSaver->warning('Failed to publish to channel', $channel, [
                 'article_id' => $article->id,
                 'error' => $e->getMessage(),
             ]);
 
-            return null;
+            return PublishOutcome::failure($e->getMessage());
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/app/Services/Publishing/PublishOutcome.php b/app/Services/Publishing/PublishOutcome.php
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..4584908e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/app/Services/Publishing/PublishOutcome.php
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace App\Services\Publishing;
+
+use App\Models\ArticlePublication;
+
+/**
+ * Publishing has three outcomes, not two: it can succeed, be deliberately
+ * skipped, or fail. Returning a bare null for the last two made every skip
+ * surface as a publish failure (#123).
+ */
+class PublishOutcome
+{
+    private function __construct(
+        public readonly ?ArticlePublication $publication,
+        public readonly bool $skipped,
+        public readonly ?string $reason = null,
+    ) {}
+
+    public static function published(ArticlePublication $publication): self
+    {
+        return new self($publication, false);
+    }
+
+    public static function skipped(string $reason): self
+    {
+        return new self(null, true, $reason);
+    }
+
+    public static function failure(string $reason): self
+    {
+        return new self(null, false, $reason);
+    }
+
+    public function succeeded(): bool
+    {
+        return $this->publication !== null;
+    }
+
+    public function wasSkipped(): bool
+    {
+        return $this->skipped;
+    }
+
+    public function failed(): bool
+    {
+        return ! $this->succeeded() && ! $this->skipped;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/database/migrations/2024_01_01_000013_key_platform_channel_posts_by_local_channel.php b/database/migrations/2024_01_01_000013_key_platform_channel_posts_by_local_channel.php
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..7adc6548
--- /dev/null
+++ b/database/migrations/2024_01_01_000013_key_platform_channel_posts_by_local_channel.php
@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+<?php
+
+use Illuminate\Database\Migrations\Migration;
+use Illuminate\Database\Schema\Blueprint;
+use Illuminate\Support\Facades\DB;
+use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Schema;
+
+/**
+ * The mirror was written with Lemmy's numeric community id and read with the
+ * community slug, so duplicate detection never matched (#123). Keying on the
+ * local platform_channels.id removes the ambiguity and the per-instance
+ * collision that both remote identifiers share.
+ */
+return new class extends Migration
+{
+    public function up(): void
+    {
+        Schema::table('platform_channel_posts', function (Blueprint $table) {
+            $table->dropUnique('channel_post_unique');
+            $table->dropIndex(['platform', 'channel_id', 'url']);
+            $table->dropIndex(['platform', 'channel_id', 'title']);
+            $table->unsignedBigInteger('platform_channel_id')->nullable()->after('id');
+        });
+
+        // A name shared by two instances is ambiguous; those rows stay unmapped.
+        DB::table('platform_channel_posts')->orderBy('id')->chunkById(200, function ($rows) {
+            foreach ($rows as $row) {
+                $matches = DB::table('platform_channels')
+                    ->where('name', $row->channel_name)
+                    ->orWhere('channel_id', $row->channel_name)
+                    ->pluck('id');
+
+                if ($matches->count() !== 1) {
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                DB::table('platform_channel_posts')
+                    ->where('id', $row->id)
+                    ->update(['platform_channel_id' => $matches->first()]);
+            }
+        });
+
+        // Unmappable rows are discarded rather than guessed: the mirror is a
+        // cache SyncChannelPostsJob rebuilds every ten minutes.
+        DB::table('platform_channel_posts')->whereNull('platform_channel_id')->delete();
+
+        Schema::table('platform_channel_posts', function (Blueprint $table) {
+            $table->unsignedBigInteger('platform_channel_id')->nullable(false)->change();
+            $table->dropColumn(['platform', 'channel_id', 'channel_name']);
+        });
+
+        Schema::table('platform_channel_posts', function (Blueprint $table) {
+            $table->foreign('platform_channel_id')->references('id')->on('platform_channels')->onDelete('cascade');
+            $table->unique(['platform_channel_id', 'post_id'], 'channel_post_unique');
+            $table->index(['platform_channel_id', 'url']);
+            $table->index(['platform_channel_id', 'title']);
+        });
+    }
+
+    public function down(): void
+    {
+        Schema::table('platform_channel_posts', function (Blueprint $table) {
+            $table->dropForeign(['platform_channel_id']);
+            $table->dropUnique('channel_post_unique');
+            $table->dropIndex(['platform_channel_id', 'url']);
+            $table->dropIndex(['platform_channel_id', 'title']);
+            $table->string('platform')->default('lemmy');
+            $table->string('channel_id')->default('');
+            $table->string('channel_name')->nullable();
+        });
+
+        DB::table('platform_channel_posts')->update([
+            'channel_id' => DB::raw('platform_channel_id'),
+        ]);
+
+        Schema::table('platform_channel_posts', function (Blueprint $table) {
+            $table->dropColumn('platform_channel_id');
+            $table->unique(['platform', 'channel_id', 'post_id'], 'channel_post_unique');
+            $table->index(['platform', 'channel_id', 'url']);
+            $table->index(['platform', 'channel_id', 'title']);
+        });
+    }
+};
diff --git a/database/migrations/2024_01_01_000014_add_skipped_to_route_articles_publish_status.php b/database/migrations/2024_01_01_000014_add_skipped_to_route_articles_publish_status.php
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..ae4bd839
--- /dev/null
+++ b/database/migrations/2024_01_01_000014_add_skipped_to_route_articles_publish_status.php
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+<?php
+
+use Illuminate\Database\Migrations\Migration;
+use Illuminate\Database\Schema\Blueprint;
+use Illuminate\Support\Facades\DB;
+use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Schema;
+
+/**
+ * Publishing can be deliberately skipped (already published, duplicate in the
+ * channel, another worker holds the lock). Those were recorded as errors (#123).
+ */
+return new class extends Migration
+{
+    public function up(): void
+    {
+        Schema::table('route_articles', function (Blueprint $table) {
+            $table->enum('publish_status', ['unpublished', 'publishing', 'published', 'skipped', 'error'])
+                ->default('unpublished')
+                ->change();
+        });
+    }
+
+    public function down(): void
+    {
+        DB::table('route_articles')
+            ->where('publish_status', 'skipped')
+            ->update(['publish_status' => 'unpublished']);
+
+        Schema::table('route_articles', function (Blueprint $table) {
+            $table->enum('publish_status', ['unpublished', 'publishing', 'published', 'error'])
+                ->default('unpublished')
+                ->change();
+        });
+    }
+};
diff --git a/tests/Feature/DuplicatePublishTest.php b/tests/Feature/DuplicatePublishTest.php
index a1d37646..892a3b69 100644
--- a/tests/Feature/DuplicatePublishTest.php
+++ b/tests/Feature/DuplicatePublishTest.php
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 
 namespace Tests\Feature;
 
+use App\Actions\PublishRouteArticleAction;
 use App\Enums\PublishStatusEnum;
 use App\Events\RouteArticleApproved;
 use App\Listeners\PublishApprovedArticleListener;
@@ -95,7 +96,7 @@ private function makeListener(): PublishApprovedArticleListener
         $fetcher = Mockery::mock(ArticleFetcher::class);
         $fetcher->shouldReceive('fetchArticleData')->andReturn(['title' => 'Test Article']);
 
-        return new PublishApprovedArticleListener($fetcher, $service, new NotificationService);
+        return new PublishApprovedArticleListener(new PublishRouteArticleAction($fetcher, $service, new NotificationService));
     }
 
     public function test_clicking_approve_twice_creates_only_one_remote_post(): void
@@ -142,7 +143,7 @@ public function test_two_queued_listeners_create_only_one_remote_post(): void
         $fetcher = Mockery::mock(ArticleFetcher::class);
         $fetcher->shouldReceive('fetchArticleData')->andReturn(['title' => 'Test Article']);
 
-        $listener = new PublishApprovedArticleListener($fetcher, $service, new NotificationService);
+        $listener = new PublishApprovedArticleListener(new PublishRouteArticleAction($fetcher, $service, new NotificationService));
         $listener->handle(new RouteArticleApproved($routeArticle));
 
         $this->assertSame(1, $this->remoteCalls, 'Two listeners must not both post to Lemmy.');
diff --git a/tests/Feature/KeyPlatformChannelPostsMigrationTest.php b/tests/Feature/KeyPlatformChannelPostsMigrationTest.php
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..1febf897
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/Feature/KeyPlatformChannelPostsMigrationTest.php
@@ -0,0 +1,130 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace Tests\Feature;
+
+use App\Models\PlatformChannel;
+use App\Models\PlatformChannelPost;
+use App\Models\PlatformInstance;
+use Illuminate\Database\Schema\Blueprint;
+use Illuminate\Foundation\Testing\RefreshDatabase;
+use Illuminate\Support\Facades\DB;
+use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Schema;
+use Tests\TestCase;
+
+class KeyPlatformChannelPostsMigrationTest extends TestCase
+{
+    use RefreshDatabase;
+
+    private function runMigration(): void
+    {
+        $migration = require database_path('migrations/2024_01_01_000013_key_platform_channel_posts_by_local_channel.php');
+
+        $migration->up();
+    }
+
+    private function restoreLegacyTable(): void
+    {
+        Schema::dropIfExists('platform_channel_posts');
+
+        Schema::create('platform_channel_posts', function (Blueprint $table) {
+            $table->id();
+            $table->string('platform');
+            $table->string('channel_id');
+            $table->string('channel_name')->nullable();
+            $table->string('post_id');
+            $table->string('title')->nullable();
+            $table->string('url')->nullable();
+            $table->timestamp('posted_at')->nullable();
+            $table->timestamps();
+
+            $table->unique(['platform', 'channel_id', 'post_id'], 'channel_post_unique');
+            $table->index(['platform', 'channel_id', 'url']);
+            $table->index(['platform', 'channel_id', 'title']);
+        });
+    }
+
+    private function seedLegacyRow(string $channelId, ?string $channelName, string $postId): void
+    {
+        DB::table('platform_channel_posts')->insert([
+            'platform' => 'lemmy',
+            'channel_id' => $channelId,
+            'channel_name' => $channelName,
+            'post_id' => $postId,
+            'url' => "https://news.test/{$postId}",
+            'title' => "Post {$postId}",
+            'posted_at' => now(),
+            'created_at' => now(),
+            'updated_at' => now(),
+        ]);
+    }
+
+    public function test_maps_rows_to_the_local_channel_by_name(): void
+    {
+        $this->restoreLegacyTable();
+
+        $channel = PlatformChannel::factory()->create(['name' => 'newsbottest', 'channel_id' => 'newsbottest']);
+        $this->seedLegacyRow('217', 'newsbottest', '1');
+        $this->seedLegacyRow('217', 'newsbottest', '2');
+
+        $this->runMigration();
+
+        $this->assertSame(2, DB::table('platform_channel_posts')
+            ->where('platform_channel_id', $channel->id)->count());
+    }
+
+    public function test_drops_rows_that_match_no_channel(): void
+    {
+        $this->restoreLegacyTable();
+
+        PlatformChannel::factory()->create(['name' => 'newsbottest', 'channel_id' => 'newsbottest']);
+        $this->seedLegacyRow('999', 'a-community-that-no-longer-exists', '1');
+
+        $this->runMigration();
+
+        $this->assertSame(0, DB::table('platform_channel_posts')->count());
+    }
+
+    public function test_drops_rows_whose_channel_name_is_ambiguous_across_instances(): void
+    {
+        $this->restoreLegacyTable();
+
+        $first = PlatformInstance::factory()->create(['url' => 'https://one.test']);
+        $second = PlatformInstance::factory()->create(['url' => 'https://two.test']);
+
+        PlatformChannel::factory()->create([
+            'platform_instance_id' => $first->id,
+            'name' => 'news',
+            'channel_id' => 'news',
+        ]);
+        PlatformChannel::factory()->create([
+            'platform_instance_id' => $second->id,
+            'name' => 'news',
+            'channel_id' => 'news-two',
+        ]);
+
+        $this->seedLegacyRow('8', 'news', '1');
+
+        $this->runMigration();
+
+        $this->assertSame(0, DB::table('platform_channel_posts')->count());
+    }
+
+    public function test_leaves_a_schema_the_new_code_can_use(): void
+    {
+        $this->restoreLegacyTable();
+
+        $channel = PlatformChannel::factory()->create(['name' => 'newsbottest', 'channel_id' => 'newsbottest']);
+        $this->seedLegacyRow('217', 'newsbottest', '1');
+
+        $this->runMigration();
+
+        $this->assertTrue(Schema::hasColumn('platform_channel_posts', 'platform_channel_id'));
+        $this->assertFalse(Schema::hasColumn('platform_channel_posts', 'channel_id'));
+        $this->assertFalse(Schema::hasColumn('platform_channel_posts', 'channel_name'));
+        $this->assertFalse(Schema::hasColumn('platform_channel_posts', 'platform'));
+
+        $this->assertTrue(
+            PlatformChannelPost::duplicateExists($channel, 'https://news.test/1', 'Post 1')
+        );
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/Feature/Listeners/PublishApprovedArticleListenerTest.php b/tests/Feature/Listeners/PublishApprovedArticleListenerTest.php
index fa0bb857..fcb09735 100644
--- a/tests/Feature/Listeners/PublishApprovedArticleListenerTest.php
+++ b/tests/Feature/Listeners/PublishApprovedArticleListenerTest.php
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 
 namespace Tests\Feature\Listeners;
 
+use App\Actions\PublishRouteArticleAction;
 use App\Enums\NotificationSeverityEnum;
 use App\Enums\NotificationTypeEnum;
 use App\Events\RouteArticleApproved;
@@ -15,6 +16,7 @@
 use App\Services\Article\ArticleFetcher;
 use App\Services\Notification\NotificationService;
 use App\Services\Publishing\ArticlePublishingService;
+use App\Services\Publishing\PublishOutcome;
 use Exception;
 use Illuminate\Foundation\Testing\RefreshDatabase;
 use Mockery;
@@ -53,7 +55,7 @@ public function test_exception_during_publishing_creates_error_notification(): v
 
         $publishingServiceMock = Mockery::mock(ArticlePublishingService::class);
 
-        $listener = new PublishApprovedArticleListener($articleFetcherMock, $publishingServiceMock, new NotificationService);
+        $listener = new PublishApprovedArticleListener(new PublishRouteArticleAction($articleFetcherMock, $publishingServiceMock, new NotificationService));
         $listener->handle(new RouteArticleApproved($routeArticle));
 
         $this->assertDatabaseHas('notifications', [
@@ -82,9 +84,9 @@ public function test_no_publication_created_creates_warning_notification(): void
         $publishingServiceMock = Mockery::mock(ArticlePublishingService::class);
         $publishingServiceMock->shouldReceive('publishRouteArticle')
             ->once()
-            ->andReturn(null);
+            ->andReturn(PublishOutcome::failure('No publication created'));
 
-        $listener = new PublishApprovedArticleListener($articleFetcherMock, $publishingServiceMock, new NotificationService);
+        $listener = new PublishApprovedArticleListener(new PublishRouteArticleAction($articleFetcherMock, $publishingServiceMock, new NotificationService));
         $listener->handle(new RouteArticleApproved($routeArticle));
 
         $this->assertDatabaseHas('notifications', [
@@ -112,9 +114,9 @@ public function test_successful_publish_does_not_create_notification(): void
         $publishingServiceMock = Mockery::mock(ArticlePublishingService::class);
         $publishingServiceMock->shouldReceive('publishRouteArticle')
             ->once()
-            ->andReturn(ArticlePublication::factory()->make());
+            ->andReturn(PublishOutcome::published($this->makePublication()));
 
-        $listener = new PublishApprovedArticleListener($articleFetcherMock, $publishingServiceMock, new NotificationService);
+        $listener = new PublishApprovedArticleListener(new PublishRouteArticleAction($articleFetcherMock, $publishingServiceMock, new NotificationService));
         $listener->handle(new RouteArticleApproved($routeArticle));
 
         $this->assertDatabaseCount('notifications', 0);
@@ -135,7 +137,7 @@ public function test_skips_already_published_to_channel(): void
         $publishingServiceMock = Mockery::mock(ArticlePublishingService::class);
         $publishingServiceMock->shouldNotReceive('publishRouteArticle');
 
-        $listener = new PublishApprovedArticleListener($articleFetcherMock, $publishingServiceMock, new NotificationService);
+        $listener = new PublishApprovedArticleListener(new PublishRouteArticleAction($articleFetcherMock, $publishingServiceMock, new NotificationService));
         $listener->handle(new RouteArticleApproved($routeArticle));
 
         $this->assertTrue(true);
@@ -146,4 +148,12 @@ protected function tearDown(): void
         Mockery::close();
         parent::tearDown();
     }
+
+    private function makePublication(): ArticlePublication
+    {
+        /** @var ArticlePublication $publication */
+        $publication = ArticlePublication::factory()->make();
+
+        return $publication;
+    }
 }
diff --git a/tests/Feature/MirrorDuplicateDetectionTest.php b/tests/Feature/MirrorDuplicateDetectionTest.php
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..73c84e11
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/Feature/MirrorDuplicateDetectionTest.php
@@ -0,0 +1,197 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace Tests\Feature;
+
+use App\Actions\PublishRouteArticleAction;
+use App\Enums\NotificationTypeEnum;
+use App\Enums\PublishStatusEnum;
+use App\Events\RouteArticleApproved;
+use App\Listeners\PublishApprovedArticleListener;
+use App\Models\Article;
+use App\Models\Feed;
+use App\Models\PlatformAccount;
+use App\Models\PlatformChannel;
+use App\Models\PlatformChannelPost;
+use App\Models\PlatformInstance;
+use App\Models\Route;
+use App\Models\RouteArticle;
+use App\Modules\Lemmy\Services\LemmyApiService;
+use App\Modules\Lemmy\Services\LemmyPublisher;
+use App\Services\Article\ArticleFetcher;
+use App\Services\Log\LogSaver;
+use App\Services\Notification\NotificationService;
+use App\Services\Publishing\ArticlePublishingService;
+use Illuminate\Foundation\Testing\RefreshDatabase;
+use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Http;
+use Mockery;
+use Tests\TestCase;
+
+class MirrorDuplicateDetectionTest extends TestCase
+{
+    use RefreshDatabase;
+
+    /** @var array{RouteArticle, PlatformChannel, Article} */
+    private array $fixture;
+
+    protected function setUp(): void
+    {
+        parent::setUp();
+
+        $feed = Feed::factory()->create();
+        $instance = PlatformInstance::factory()->create(['url' => 'https://lemmy.test']);
+        $channel = PlatformChannel::factory()->create([
+            'platform_instance_id' => $instance->id,
+            'channel_id' => 'news',
+            'name' => 'news',
+        ]);
+        $account = PlatformAccount::factory()->create(['instance_url' => 'https://lemmy.test']);
+
+        /** @var Route $route */
+        $route = Route::factory()->active()->create([
+            'feed_id' => $feed->id,
+            'platform_channel_id' => $channel->id,
+        ]);
+
+        $channel->platformAccounts()->attach($account->id, ['is_active' => true, 'priority' => 50]);
+
+        $article = Article::factory()->create([
+            'feed_id' => $feed->id,
+            'url' => 'https://news.test/already-posted',
+        ]);
+
+        /** @var RouteArticle $routeArticle */
+        $routeArticle = RouteArticle::factory()->forRoute($route)->approved()->create([
+            'article_id' => $article->id,
+        ]);
+
+        $this->fixture = [$routeArticle, $channel, $article];
+    }
+
+    protected function tearDown(): void
+    {
+        Mockery::close();
+        parent::tearDown();
+    }
+
+    private function service(?LemmyPublisher $publisher = null): ArticlePublishingService
+    {
+        $service = Mockery::mock(ArticlePublishingService::class, [app(LogSaver::class)])->makePartial();
+        $service->shouldAllowMockingProtectedMethods();
+        $service->shouldReceive('makePublisher')->andReturn(
+            $publisher ?? Mockery::mock(LemmyPublisher::class)
+        );
+
+        return $service;
+    }
+
+    public function test_sync_writes_the_key_the_duplicate_check_reads(): void
+    {
+        [$routeArticle, $channel, $article] = $this->fixture;
+
+        // Populate the mirror through the real sync path rather than seeding a
+        // row by hand, so write and read cannot silently disagree.
+        Http::fake([
+            '*/api/v3/post/list*' => Http::response([
+                'posts' => [[
+                    'post' => [
+                        'id' => 555,
+                        'url' => $article->url,
+                        'name' => 'Already Posted',
+                        'published' => '2026-08-02T10:00:00Z',
+                    ],
+                ]],
+            ]),
+        ]);
+
+        (new LemmyApiService('https://lemmy.test'))
+            ->syncChannelPosts('token', $channel, 8);
+
+        $this->assertDatabaseCount('platform_channel_posts', 1);
+
+        $publisher = Mockery::mock(LemmyPublisher::class);
+        $publisher->shouldNotReceive('publishToChannel');
+
+        $result = $this->service($publisher)->publishRouteArticle($routeArticle, ['title' => 'Already Posted']);
+
+        $this->assertTrue($result->wasSkipped());
+        $this->assertDatabaseCount('article_publications', 0);
+    }
+
+    public function test_a_skipped_duplicate_is_not_reported_as_a_publish_failure(): void
+    {
+        [$routeArticle, $channel, $article] = $this->fixture;
+
+        PlatformChannelPost::storePost($channel, '555', $article->url, 'Already Posted');
+
+        $fetcher = Mockery::mock(ArticleFetcher::class);
+        $fetcher->shouldReceive('fetchArticleData')->andReturn(['title' => 'Already Posted']);
+
+        $publisher = Mockery::mock(LemmyPublisher::class);
+        $publisher->shouldNotReceive('publishToChannel');
+
+        (new PublishApprovedArticleListener(new PublishRouteArticleAction($fetcher, $this->service($publisher), new NotificationService)))
+            ->handle(new RouteArticleApproved($routeArticle));
+
+        $this->assertSame(PublishStatusEnum::SKIPPED, $routeArticle->fresh()->publish_status);
+        $this->assertDatabaseCount('notifications', 0);
+    }
+
+    public function test_a_genuine_failure_is_still_reported(): void
+    {
+        [$routeArticle] = $this->fixture;
+
+        $fetcher = Mockery::mock(ArticleFetcher::class);
+        $fetcher->shouldReceive('fetchArticleData')->andReturn(['title' => 'Some Title']);
+
+        $publisher = Mockery::mock(LemmyPublisher::class);
+        $publisher->shouldReceive('publishToChannel')->andThrow(new \RuntimeException('Lemmy rejected the post'));
+
+        (new PublishApprovedArticleListener(new PublishRouteArticleAction($fetcher, $this->service($publisher), new NotificationService)))
+            ->handle(new RouteArticleApproved($routeArticle));
+
+        $this->assertSame(PublishStatusEnum::ERROR, $routeArticle->fresh()->publish_status);
+        $this->assertDatabaseHas('notifications', [
+            'type' => NotificationTypeEnum::PUBLISH_FAILED->value,
+        ]);
+    }
+
+    public function test_mirror_is_keyed_by_the_local_channel(): void
+    {
+        [, $channel, $article] = $this->fixture;
+
+        PlatformChannelPost::storePost(
+            $channel,
+            '555',
+            $article->url,
+            'Already Posted',
+        );
+
+        $this->assertDatabaseHas('platform_channel_posts', [
+            'platform_channel_id' => $channel->id,
+            'post_id' => '555',
+        ]);
+    }
+
+    public function test_a_second_instance_with_the_same_community_name_does_not_collide(): void
+    {
+        [, $channel, $article] = $this->fixture;
+
+        $otherInstance = PlatformInstance::factory()->create(['url' => 'https://other.test']);
+        $otherChannel = PlatformChannel::factory()->create([
+            'platform_instance_id' => $otherInstance->id,
+            'channel_id' => 'news',
+            'name' => 'news',
+        ]);
+
+        PlatformChannelPost::storePost($channel, '1', $article->url, 'Same Title');
+
+        // Same community name on a different instance is a different community.
+        $this->assertFalse(
+            PlatformChannelPost::duplicateExists($otherChannel, $article->url, 'Same Title')
+        );
+
+        $this->assertTrue(
+            PlatformChannelPost::duplicateExists($channel, $article->url, 'Same Title')
+        );
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/Unit/Jobs/PublishNextArticleJobTest.php b/tests/Unit/Jobs/PublishNextArticleJobTest.php
index 66145951..28046481 100644
--- a/tests/Unit/Jobs/PublishNextArticleJobTest.php
+++ b/tests/Unit/Jobs/PublishNextArticleJobTest.php
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 
 namespace Tests\Unit\Jobs;
 
+use App\Actions\PublishRouteArticleAction;
 use App\Enums\NotificationSeverityEnum;
 use App\Enums\NotificationTypeEnum;
 use App\Exceptions\PublishException;
@@ -16,6 +17,7 @@
 use App\Services\Article\ArticleFetcher;
 use App\Services\Notification\NotificationService;
 use App\Services\Publishing\ArticlePublishingService;
+use App\Services\Publishing\PublishOutcome;
 use Illuminate\Contracts\Queue\ShouldBeUnique;
 use Illuminate\Contracts\Queue\ShouldQueue;
 use Illuminate\Foundation\Queue\Queueable;
@@ -95,7 +97,7 @@ public function test_handle_returns_early_when_no_approved_route_articles(): voi
         $publishingServiceMock = Mockery::mock(ArticlePublishingService::class);
 
         $job = new PublishNextArticleJob;
-        $job->handle($articleFetcherMock, $publishingServiceMock, $this->notificationService);
+        $job->handle(new PublishRouteArticleAction($articleFetcherMock, $publishingServiceMock, $this->notificationService));
 
         $this->assertTrue(true);
     }
@@ -114,7 +116,7 @@ public function test_handle_returns_early_when_no_unpublished_approved_route_art
         $publishingServiceMock = Mockery::mock(ArticlePublishingService::class);
 
         $job = new PublishNextArticleJob;
-        $job->handle($articleFetcherMock, $publishingServiceMock, $this->notificationService);
+        $job->handle(new PublishRouteArticleAction($articleFetcherMock, $publishingServiceMock, $this->notificationService));
 
         $this->assertTrue(true);
     }
@@ -132,7 +134,7 @@ public function test_handle_skips_non_approved_route_articles(): void
         $publishingServiceMock = Mockery::mock(ArticlePublishingService::class);
 
         $job = new PublishNextArticleJob;
-        $job->handle($articleFetcherMock, $publishingServiceMock, $this->notificationService);
+        $job->handle(new PublishRouteArticleAction($articleFetcherMock, $publishingServiceMock, $this->notificationService));
 
         $this->assertTrue(true);
     }
@@ -170,10 +172,10 @@ public function test_handle_publishes_oldest_approved_route_article(): void
                 Mockery::on(fn ($ra) => $ra->article_id === $olderArticle->id),
                 $extractedData
             )
-            ->andReturn(ArticlePublication::factory()->make());
+            ->andReturn(PublishOutcome::published($this->makePublication()));
 
         $job = new PublishNextArticleJob;
-        $job->handle($articleFetcherMock, $publishingServiceMock, $this->notificationService);
+        $job->handle(new PublishRouteArticleAction($articleFetcherMock, $publishingServiceMock, $this->notificationService));
 
         $this->assertTrue(true);
     }
@@ -200,7 +202,7 @@ public function test_handle_throws_exception_on_publishing_failure(): void
 
         $this->expectException(PublishException::class);
 
-        $job->handle($articleFetcherMock, $publishingServiceMock, $this->notificationService);
+        $job->handle(new PublishRouteArticleAction($articleFetcherMock, $publishingServiceMock, $this->notificationService));
     }
 
     public function test_handle_skips_publishing_when_last_publication_within_interval(): void
@@ -219,7 +221,7 @@ public function test_handle_skips_publishing_when_last_publication_within_interv
         $publishingServiceMock->shouldNotReceive('publishRouteArticle');
 
         $job = new PublishNextArticleJob;
-        $job->handle($articleFetcherMock, $publishingServiceMock, $this->notificationService);
+        $job->handle(new PublishRouteArticleAction($articleFetcherMock, $publishingServiceMock, $this->notificationService));
 
         $this->assertTrue(true);
     }
@@ -243,10 +245,10 @@ public function test_handle_publishes_when_last_publication_beyond_interval(): v
         $publishingServiceMock = Mockery::mock(ArticlePublishingService::class);
         $publishingServiceMock->shouldReceive('publishRouteArticle')
             ->once()
-            ->andReturn(ArticlePublication::factory()->make());
+            ->andReturn(PublishOutcome::published($this->makePublication()));
 
         $job = new PublishNextArticleJob;
-        $job->handle($articleFetcherMock, $publishingServiceMock, $this->notificationService);
+        $job->handle(new PublishRouteArticleAction($articleFetcherMock, $publishingServiceMock, $this->notificationService));
 
         $this->assertTrue(true);
     }
@@ -270,10 +272,10 @@ public function test_handle_publishes_when_interval_is_zero(): void
         $publishingServiceMock = Mockery::mock(ArticlePublishingService::class);
         $publishingServiceMock->shouldReceive('publishRouteArticle')
             ->once()
-            ->andReturn(ArticlePublication::factory()->make());
+            ->andReturn(PublishOutcome::published($this->makePublication()));
 
         $job = new PublishNextArticleJob;
-        $job->handle($articleFetcherMock, $publishingServiceMock, $this->notificationService);
+        $job->handle(new PublishRouteArticleAction($articleFetcherMock, $publishingServiceMock, $this->notificationService));
 
         $this->assertTrue(true);
     }
@@ -297,10 +299,10 @@ public function test_handle_publishes_when_last_publication_exactly_at_interval(
         $publishingServiceMock = Mockery::mock(ArticlePublishingService::class);
         $publishingServiceMock->shouldReceive('publishRouteArticle')
             ->once()
-            ->andReturn(ArticlePublication::factory()->make());
+            ->andReturn(PublishOutcome::published($this->makePublication()));
 
         $job = new PublishNextArticleJob;
-        $job->handle($articleFetcherMock, $publishingServiceMock, $this->notificationService);
+        $job->handle(new PublishRouteArticleAction($articleFetcherMock, $publishingServiceMock, $this->notificationService));
 
         $this->assertTrue(true);
     }
@@ -321,10 +323,10 @@ public function test_handle_publishes_when_no_previous_publications_exist(): voi
         $publishingServiceMock = Mockery::mock(ArticlePublishingService::class);
         $publishingServiceMock->shouldReceive('publishRouteArticle')
             ->once()
-            ->andReturn(ArticlePublication::factory()->make());
+            ->andReturn(PublishOutcome::published($this->makePublication()));
 
         $job = new PublishNextArticleJob;
-        $job->handle($articleFetcherMock, $publishingServiceMock, $this->notificationService);
+        $job->handle(new PublishRouteArticleAction($articleFetcherMock, $publishingServiceMock, $this->notificationService));
 
         $this->assertTrue(true);
     }
@@ -343,10 +345,10 @@ public function test_handle_creates_warning_notification_when_no_publication_cre
         $publishingServiceMock = Mockery::mock(ArticlePublishingService::class);
         $publishingServiceMock->shouldReceive('publishRouteArticle')
             ->once()
-            ->andReturn(null);
+            ->andReturn(PublishOutcome::failure('No publication created'));
 
         $job = new PublishNextArticleJob;
-        $job->handle($articleFetcherMock, $publishingServiceMock, $this->notificationService);
+        $job->handle(new PublishRouteArticleAction($articleFetcherMock, $publishingServiceMock, $this->notificationService));
 
         $this->assertDatabaseHas('notifications', [
             'type' => NotificationTypeEnum::PUBLISH_FAILED->value,
@@ -380,7 +382,7 @@ public function test_handle_creates_notification_on_publish_exception(): void
         $job = new PublishNextArticleJob;
 
         try {
-            $job->handle($articleFetcherMock, $publishingServiceMock, $this->notificationService);
+            $job->handle(new PublishRouteArticleAction($articleFetcherMock, $publishingServiceMock, $this->notificationService));
         } catch (PublishException) {
             // Expected
         }
@@ -413,4 +415,12 @@ protected function tearDown(): void
         Mockery::close();
         parent::tearDown();
     }
+
+    private function makePublication(): ArticlePublication
+    {
+        /** @var ArticlePublication $publication */
+        $publication = ArticlePublication::factory()->make();
+
+        return $publication;
+    }
 }
diff --git a/tests/Unit/Jobs/SyncChannelPostsJobTest.php b/tests/Unit/Jobs/SyncChannelPostsJobTest.php
index 62fcc10e..946c48a9 100644
--- a/tests/Unit/Jobs/SyncChannelPostsJobTest.php
+++ b/tests/Unit/Jobs/SyncChannelPostsJobTest.php
@@ -148,7 +148,7 @@ public function test_sync_resolves_non_numeric_channel_id_via_get_community_id()
             ->andReturn(42);
         $apiMock->shouldReceive('syncChannelPosts')
             ->once()
-            ->with('token', 42, $channel->name);
+            ->with('token', Mockery::on(fn ($arg) => $arg->is($channel)), 42);
 
         $logSaverMock = Mockery::mock(LogSaver::class);
         $logSaverMock->shouldReceive('info')->zeroOrMoreTimes();
@@ -179,7 +179,7 @@ public function test_sync_passes_resolved_community_id_to_sync_channel_posts():
             ->andReturn(42);
         $apiMock->shouldReceive('syncChannelPosts')
             ->once()
-            ->with('token', 42, $channel->name);
+            ->with('token', Mockery::on(fn ($arg) => $arg->is($channel)), 42);
 
         $logSaverMock = Mockery::mock(LogSaver::class);
         $logSaverMock->shouldReceive('info')->zeroOrMoreTimes();
diff --git a/tests/Unit/Modules/Lemmy/Services/LemmyApiServiceTest.php b/tests/Unit/Modules/Lemmy/Services/LemmyApiServiceTest.php
index 9d50ead0..f807bba1 100644
--- a/tests/Unit/Modules/Lemmy/Services/LemmyApiServiceTest.php
+++ b/tests/Unit/Modules/Lemmy/Services/LemmyApiServiceTest.php
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 namespace Tests\Unit\Modules\Lemmy\Services;
 
-use App\Enums\PlatformEnum;
+use App\Models\PlatformChannel;
 use App\Modules\Lemmy\Services\LemmyApiService;
 use Exception;
 use Illuminate\Foundation\Testing\RefreshDatabase;
@@ -13,6 +13,13 @@ class LemmyApiServiceTest extends TestCase
 {
     use RefreshDatabase;
 
+    private ?PlatformChannel $channel = null;
+
+    private function syncChannel(): PlatformChannel
+    {
+        return $this->channel ??= PlatformChannel::factory()->create();
+    }
+
     public function test_constructor_sets_instance(): void
     {
         $service = new LemmyApiService('lemmy.world');
@@ -248,7 +255,7 @@ public function test_sync_channel_posts_success(): void
         ]);
 
         $service = new LemmyApiService('lemmy.world');
-        $service->syncChannelPosts('token', 42, 'test-community');
+        $service->syncChannelPosts('token', $this->syncChannel(), 42);
 
         Http::assertSent(function ($request) {
             return str_contains($request->url(), '/api/v3/post/list')
@@ -259,18 +266,14 @@ public function test_sync_channel_posts_success(): void
 
         // Verify posts were stored in the database
         $this->assertDatabaseHas('platform_channel_posts', [
-            'platform' => PlatformEnum::LEMMY->value,
-            'channel_id' => '42',
-            'channel_name' => 'test-community',
+            'platform_channel_id' => $this->syncChannel()->id,
             'post_id' => '1',
             'url' => 'https://example.com/1',
             'title' => 'Post 1',
         ]);
 
         $this->assertDatabaseHas('platform_channel_posts', [
-            'platform' => PlatformEnum::LEMMY->value,
-            'channel_id' => '42',
-            'channel_name' => 'test-community',
+            'platform_channel_id' => $this->syncChannel()->id,
             'post_id' => '2',
             'url' => 'https://example.com/2',
             'title' => 'Post 2',
@@ -284,7 +287,7 @@ public function test_sync_channel_posts_handles_unsuccessful_response(): void
         ]);
 
         $service = new LemmyApiService('lemmy.world');
-        $service->syncChannelPosts('token', 42, 'test-community');
+        $service->syncChannelPosts('token', $this->syncChannel(), 42);
 
         Http::assertSentCount(1);
         $this->assertDatabaseCount('platform_channel_posts', 0);
@@ -297,7 +300,7 @@ public function test_sync_channel_posts_handles_exception(): void
         });
 
         $service = new LemmyApiService('lemmy.world');
-        $service->syncChannelPosts('token', 42, 'test-community');
+        $service->syncChannelPosts('token', $this->syncChannel(), 42);
 
         // Assert that the method completes without throwing
         $this->assertTrue(true);
diff --git a/tests/Unit/Services/Publishing/ArticlePublishingServiceTest.php b/tests/Unit/Services/Publishing/ArticlePublishingServiceTest.php
index cfdfd9f4..0ea074b2 100644
--- a/tests/Unit/Services/Publishing/ArticlePublishingServiceTest.php
+++ b/tests/Unit/Services/Publishing/ArticlePublishingServiceTest.php
@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@
 
 namespace Tests\Unit\Services\Publishing;
 
-use App\Enums\PlatformEnum;
 use App\Models\Article;
 use App\Models\ArticlePublication;
 use App\Models\Feed;
@@ -99,7 +98,7 @@ public function test_publish_route_article_returns_null_when_no_active_account()
 
         $result = $this->service->publishRouteArticle($routeArticle, ['title' => 'Test']);
 
-        $this->assertNull($result);
+        $this->assertTrue($result->failed());
         $this->assertDatabaseCount('article_publications', 0);
     }
 
@@ -118,7 +117,7 @@ public function test_publish_route_article_successfully_publishes(): void
 
         $result = $service->publishRouteArticle($routeArticle, ['title' => 'Hello']);
 
-        $this->assertNotNull($result);
+        $this->assertTrue($result->succeeded());
         $this->assertDatabaseHas('article_publications', [
             'article_id' => $article->id,
             'platform_channel_id' => $channel->id,
@@ -190,7 +189,7 @@ public function test_losing_the_lock_race_skips_without_publishing(): void
         // caller's catch block and be recorded as a publish failure.
         $result = $service->publishRouteArticle($routeArticle, ['title' => 'Hello']);
 
-        $this->assertNull($result);
+        $this->assertTrue($result->wasSkipped());
         $this->assertDatabaseCount('article_publications', 0);
     }
 
@@ -209,7 +208,7 @@ public function test_publish_route_article_handles_publishing_failure_gracefully
 
         $result = $service->publishRouteArticle($routeArticle, ['title' => 'Hello']);
 
-        $this->assertNull($result);
+        $this->assertTrue($result->failed());
         $this->assertDatabaseCount('article_publications', 0);
     }
 
@@ -219,9 +218,7 @@ public function test_publish_skips_duplicate_when_url_already_posted_to_channel(
 
         // Simulate the URL already being posted to this channel
         PlatformChannelPost::storePost(
-            PlatformEnum::LEMMY,
-            (string) $channel->channel_id,
-            $channel->name,
+            $channel,
             '999',
             $article->url,
             'Different Title',
@@ -236,7 +233,7 @@ public function test_publish_skips_duplicate_when_url_already_posted_to_channel(
 
         $result = $service->publishRouteArticle($routeArticle, ['title' => 'Some Title']);
 
-        $this->assertNull($result);
+        $this->assertTrue($result->wasSkipped());
         $this->assertDatabaseCount('article_publications', 0);
     }
 
@@ -246,9 +243,7 @@ public function test_publish_skips_duplicate_when_title_already_posted_to_channe
 
         // Simulate the same title already posted with a different URL
         PlatformChannelPost::storePost(
-            PlatformEnum::LEMMY,
-            (string) $channel->channel_id,
-            $channel->name,
+            $channel,
             '888',
             'https://example.com/different-url',
             'Breaking News',
@@ -263,7 +258,7 @@ public function test_publish_skips_duplicate_when_title_already_posted_to_channe
 
         $result = $service->publishRouteArticle($routeArticle, ['title' => 'Breaking News']);
 
-        $this->assertNull($result);
+        $this->assertTrue($result->wasSkipped());
         $this->assertDatabaseCount('article_publications', 0);
     }
 
@@ -273,9 +268,7 @@ public function test_publish_proceeds_when_no_duplicate_exists(): void
 
         // Existing post in the channel has a completely different URL and title
         PlatformChannelPost::storePost(
-            PlatformEnum::LEMMY,
-            (string) $channel->channel_id,
-            $channel->name,
+            $channel,
             '777',
             'https://example.com/other-article',
             'Totally Different Title',
@@ -292,7 +285,7 @@ public function test_publish_proceeds_when_no_duplicate_exists(): void
 
         $result = $service->publishRouteArticle($routeArticle, ['title' => 'Unique Title']);
 
-        $this->assertNotNull($result);
+        $this->assertTrue($result->succeeded());
         $this->assertDatabaseHas('article_publications', [
             'article_id' => $article->id,
             'post_id' => 456,