diff --git a/app/Actions/BackfillRouteArticlesAction.php b/app/Actions/BackfillRouteArticlesAction.php
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..ba56a09f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/app/Actions/BackfillRouteArticlesAction.php
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace App\Actions;
+
+use App\Models\Article;
+use App\Models\Route;
+
+class BackfillRouteArticlesAction
+{
+    public function __construct(
+        private CreateRouteArticlesAction $createRouteArticles,
+    ) {}
+
+    public function execute(Route $route): void
+    {
+        if (! $route->is_active) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // Articles already validated with content, but never routed to this
+        // route. Uses the stored content rather than re-fetching, so a large
+        // backlog cannot trigger a network storm (#157).
+        Article::query()
+            ->where('feed_id', $route->feed_id)
+            ->whereNotNull('content')
+            ->whereDoesntHave('routeArticles', function ($query) use ($route) {
+                $query->where('feed_id', $route->feed_id)
+                    ->where('platform_channel_id', $route->platform_channel_id);
+            })
+            ->lazy()
+            ->each(function (Article $article) use ($route) {
+                $this->createRouteArticles->createForRoute($article, $route, (string) $article->content);
+            });
+    }
+}
diff --git a/app/Actions/CreateRouteAction.php b/app/Actions/CreateRouteAction.php
index 8b9c9aed..1f8463b9 100644
--- a/app/Actions/CreateRouteAction.php
+++ b/app/Actions/CreateRouteAction.php
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 
 namespace App\Actions;
 
+use App\Events\RouteActivated;
 use App\Models\Route;
 
 class CreateRouteAction
@@ -12,7 +13,7 @@ class CreateRouteAction
      */
     public function execute(int $feedId, int $platformChannelId, int $priority = 0, bool $isActive = true): Route
     {
-        return Route::firstOrCreate(
+        $route = Route::firstOrCreate(
             [
                 'feed_id' => $feedId,
                 'platform_channel_id' => $platformChannelId,
@@ -22,5 +23,11 @@ public function execute(int $feedId, int $platformChannelId, int $priority = 0,
                 'is_active' => $isActive,
             ]
         );
+
+        if ($route->wasRecentlyCreated && $route->is_active) {
+            RouteActivated::dispatch($route->feed_id, $route->platform_channel_id);
+        }
+
+        return $route;
     }
 }
diff --git a/app/Actions/CreateRouteArticlesAction.php b/app/Actions/CreateRouteArticlesAction.php
index b7ecbd34..e129e7bb 100644
--- a/app/Actions/CreateRouteArticlesAction.php
+++ b/app/Actions/CreateRouteArticlesAction.php
@@ -18,36 +18,38 @@ public function execute(Article $article, string $content): void
             ->where('is_active', true)
             ->get();
 
-        // Batch-load all active keywords for this feed, grouped by channel
-        $keywordsByChannel = Keyword::where('feed_id', $article->feed_id)
+        foreach ($activeRoutes as $route) {
+            $this->createForRoute($article, $route, $content);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public function createForRoute(Article $article, Route $route, string $content): void
+    {
+        $routeKeywords = Keyword::where('feed_id', $route->feed_id)
+            ->where('platform_channel_id', $route->platform_channel_id)
             ->where('is_active', true)
-            ->get()
-            ->groupBy('platform_channel_id');
+            ->get();
 
         // Match keywords against full article content, title, and description
         $searchableContent = $content.' '.$article->title.' '.$article->description;
+        $status = $this->evaluateKeywords($routeKeywords, $searchableContent);
 
-        foreach ($activeRoutes as $route) {
-            $routeKeywords = $keywordsByChannel->get($route->platform_channel_id, collect());
-            $status = $this->evaluateKeywords($routeKeywords, $searchableContent);
-
-            if ($status === ApprovalStatusEnum::PENDING && $this->shouldAutoApprove($route)) {
-                $status = ApprovalStatusEnum::APPROVED;
-            }
-
-            RouteArticle::firstOrCreate(
-                [
-                    'feed_id' => $route->feed_id,
-                    'platform_channel_id' => $route->platform_channel_id,
-                    'article_id' => $article->id,
-                ],
-                [
-                    'approval_status' => $status,
-                    'validated_at' => now(),
-                    'decided_at' => $status === ApprovalStatusEnum::PENDING ? null : now(),
-                ]
-            );
+        if ($status === ApprovalStatusEnum::PENDING && $this->shouldAutoApprove($route)) {
+            $status = ApprovalStatusEnum::APPROVED;
         }
+
+        RouteArticle::firstOrCreate(
+            [
+                'feed_id' => $route->feed_id,
+                'platform_channel_id' => $route->platform_channel_id,
+                'article_id' => $article->id,
+            ],
+            [
+                'approval_status' => $status,
+                'validated_at' => now(),
+                'decided_at' => $status === ApprovalStatusEnum::PENDING ? null : now(),
+            ]
+        );
     }
 
     /**
diff --git a/app/Events/RouteActivated.php b/app/Events/RouteActivated.php
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..f258cef0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/app/Events/RouteActivated.php
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace App\Events;
+
+use Illuminate\Broadcasting\InteractsWithSockets;
+use Illuminate\Foundation\Events\Dispatchable;
+use Illuminate\Queue\SerializesModels;
+
+class RouteActivated
+{
+    use Dispatchable, InteractsWithSockets, SerializesModels;
+
+    public function __construct(
+        public int $feedId,
+        public int $platformChannelId,
+    ) {}
+}
diff --git a/app/Listeners/BackfillRouteArticlesListener.php b/app/Listeners/BackfillRouteArticlesListener.php
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..913c1cde
--- /dev/null
+++ b/app/Listeners/BackfillRouteArticlesListener.php
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace App\Listeners;
+
+use App\Actions\BackfillRouteArticlesAction;
+use App\Events\RouteActivated;
+use App\Models\Route;
+use Illuminate\Contracts\Queue\ShouldQueue;
+
+class BackfillRouteArticlesListener implements ShouldQueue
+{
+    public string $queue = 'default';
+
+    public function __construct(
+        private BackfillRouteArticlesAction $backfillRouteArticles,
+    ) {}
+
+    public function handle(RouteActivated $event): void
+    {
+        $route = Route::query()
+            ->where('feed_id', $event->feedId)
+            ->where('platform_channel_id', $event->platformChannelId)
+            ->first();
+
+        if ($route === null || ! $route->is_active) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        $this->backfillRouteArticles->execute($route);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/app/Livewire/Routes.php b/app/Livewire/Routes.php
index 64ee812f..b3960689 100644
--- a/app/Livewire/Routes.php
+++ b/app/Livewire/Routes.php
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 
 namespace App\Livewire;
 
+use App\Events\RouteActivated;
 use App\Models\Feed;
 use App\Models\Keyword;
 use App\Models\PlatformChannel;
@@ -72,6 +73,8 @@ public function createRoute(): void
             'is_active' => true,
         ]);
 
+        RouteActivated::dispatch($this->newFeedId, $this->newChannelId);
+
         $this->closeCreateModal();
     }
 
@@ -129,6 +132,10 @@ public function toggle(int $feedId, int $channelId): void
 
         $route->is_active = ! $route->is_active;
         $route->save();
+
+        if ($route->is_active) {
+            RouteActivated::dispatch($route->feed_id, $route->platform_channel_id);
+        }
     }
 
     public function delete(int $feedId, int $channelId): void
diff --git a/app/Models/Article.php b/app/Models/Article.php
index 46d07d53..e02a8803 100644
--- a/app/Models/Article.php
+++ b/app/Models/Article.php
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@
  * @property string $url
  * @property string $title
  * @property string|null $description
+ * @property string|null $content
  * @property Carbon|null $validated_at
  * @property Carbon $created_at
  * @property Carbon $updated_at
diff --git a/config/feed.php b/config/feed.php
index 78d23199..12a0b33c 100644
--- a/config/feed.php
+++ b/config/feed.php
@@ -45,7 +45,8 @@
             'type' => 'website',
             'is_active' => true,
             'languages' => [
-                'en' => ['url' => 'https://capi.belga.press/belgapress/api/public/pressreleases?offset=1&count=50&search=&start=&end=&newsroomId=70&language=EN'],
+                // offset is a 0-based item index; offset=1 skips the newest release (#158).
+                'en' => ['url' => 'https://capi.belga.press/belgapress/api/public/pressreleases?offset=0&count=50&search=&start=&end=&newsroomId=70&language=EN'],
             ],
             'parsers' => [
                 'homepage' => BelgaHomepageParserAdapter::class,
diff --git a/database/migrations/2024_01_01_000024_fix_belga_feed_offset.php b/database/migrations/2024_01_01_000024_fix_belga_feed_offset.php
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..30e88483
--- /dev/null
+++ b/database/migrations/2024_01_01_000024_fix_belga_feed_offset.php
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+<?php
+
+use Illuminate\Database\Migrations\Migration;
+use Illuminate\Support\Facades\DB;
+
+/**
+ * The Belga API offset parameter is 0-based, so the previous url's offset=1
+ * silently skipped the newest press release on every fetch (#158). The url in
+ * config/feed.php moved to offset=0; this migration updates the stored feed
+ * row to match.
+ *
+ * System feeds are maintained by the platform, not the end user, so their
+ * stored url is updated through migrations rather than the UI.
+ *
+ * Keyed on `provider`, never on the previous url: CreateFeedAction looks feeds
+ * up by url via firstOrCreate, so leaving the row on the old url while config
+ * points elsewhere would insert a second belga row on the next seed instead of
+ * updating the existing one.
+ *
+ * `feeds.url` is unique while `feeds.provider` is not, so a blanket update
+ * across several belga rows would collide. Adopt the row already on the target
+ * url (or the oldest belga row when none is) and deactivate the rest.
+ *
+ * Superseded rows are deactivated rather than deleted — routes.feed_id
+ * cascades on delete, so removing a feed would take its routing rules with it.
+ */
+return new class extends Migration
+{
+    public function up(): void
+    {
+        $url = config('feed.providers.belga.languages.en.url');
+
+        if (! is_string($url) || $url === '') {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        $keepId = DB::table('feeds')->where('provider', 'belga')->where('url', $url)->min('id')
+            ?? DB::table('feeds')->where('provider', 'belga')->min('id');
+
+        if ($keepId === null) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        DB::table('feeds')
+            ->where('provider', 'belga')
+            ->where('id', '!=', $keepId)
+            ->update([
+                'is_active' => false,
+                'updated_at' => now(),
+            ]);
+
+        DB::table('feeds')
+            ->where('id', $keepId)
+            ->update([
+                'url' => $url,
+                'updated_at' => now(),
+            ]);
+    }
+
+    public function down(): void
+    {
+        // No rollback: restoring offset=1 would reinstate a feed that silently
+        // drops the newest press release.
+    }
+};
diff --git a/tests/Feature/BackfillRouteArticlesTest.php b/tests/Feature/BackfillRouteArticlesTest.php
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..a54a1f1f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/Feature/BackfillRouteArticlesTest.php
@@ -0,0 +1,143 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace Tests\Feature;
+
+use App\Actions\BackfillRouteArticlesAction;
+use App\Actions\CreateRouteAction;
+use App\Actions\CreateRouteArticlesAction;
+use App\Events\RouteActivated;
+use App\Listeners\BackfillRouteArticlesListener;
+use App\Livewire\Routes;
+use App\Models\Article;
+use App\Models\Feed;
+use App\Models\PlatformChannel;
+use App\Models\Route;
+use App\Models\RouteArticle;
+use Illuminate\Foundation\Testing\RefreshDatabase;
+use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Event;
+use Livewire\Livewire;
+use Tests\TestCase;
+
+class BackfillRouteArticlesTest extends TestCase
+{
+    use RefreshDatabase;
+
+    private function listener(): BackfillRouteArticlesListener
+    {
+        return new BackfillRouteArticlesListener(new BackfillRouteArticlesAction(new CreateRouteArticlesAction));
+    }
+
+    private function strandedArticle(Route $route): Article
+    {
+        return Article::factory()->create([
+            'feed_id' => $route->feed_id,
+            'content' => 'Some article content',
+        ]);
+    }
+
+    private function makeRoute(bool $isActive): Route
+    {
+        $feed = Feed::factory()->create();
+        $channel = PlatformChannel::factory()->create();
+
+        return Route::create([
+            'feed_id' => $feed->id,
+            'platform_channel_id' => $channel->id,
+            'priority' => 50,
+            'is_active' => $isActive,
+        ]);
+    }
+
+    public function test_listener_backfills_stranded_articles(): void
+    {
+        $route = $this->makeRoute(true);
+        $article = $this->strandedArticle($route);
+
+        $this->listener()->handle(new RouteActivated($route->feed_id, $route->platform_channel_id));
+
+        $this->assertSame(1, RouteArticle::where('article_id', $article->id)->count());
+    }
+
+    public function test_listener_does_nothing_when_the_route_is_missing(): void
+    {
+        $this->listener()->handle(new RouteActivated(99999, 99999));
+
+        $this->assertSame(0, RouteArticle::count());
+    }
+
+    public function test_listener_does_nothing_when_the_route_is_inactive(): void
+    {
+        $route = $this->makeRoute(false);
+        $this->strandedArticle($route);
+
+        $this->listener()->handle(new RouteActivated($route->feed_id, $route->platform_channel_id));
+
+        $this->assertSame(0, RouteArticle::count());
+    }
+
+    public function test_creating_a_route_backfills_articles_that_were_validated_with_no_route(): void
+    {
+        $feed = Feed::factory()->create();
+        $channel = PlatformChannel::factory()->create();
+        $article = Article::factory()->create([
+            'feed_id' => $feed->id,
+            'content' => 'Some article content',
+        ]);
+
+        (new CreateRouteAction)->execute($feed->id, $channel->id);
+
+        $this->assertSame(1, RouteArticle::where('article_id', $article->id)->count());
+    }
+
+    public function test_toggling_a_route_inactive_then_active_backfills(): void
+    {
+        $route = $this->makeRoute(false);
+        $article = $this->strandedArticle($route);
+
+        Livewire::test(Routes::class)
+            ->call('toggle', $route->feed_id, $route->platform_channel_id);
+
+        $this->assertTrue($route->fresh()->is_active);
+        $this->assertSame(1, RouteArticle::where('article_id', $article->id)->count());
+    }
+
+    public function test_create_route_action_dispatches_route_activated(): void
+    {
+        Event::fake([RouteActivated::class]);
+
+        $feed = Feed::factory()->create();
+        $channel = PlatformChannel::factory()->create();
+
+        (new CreateRouteAction)->execute($feed->id, $channel->id);
+
+        Event::assertDispatched(
+            RouteActivated::class,
+            fn (RouteActivated $event) => $event->feedId === $feed->id && $event->platformChannelId === $channel->id
+        );
+    }
+
+    public function test_create_route_action_does_not_dispatch_for_an_existing_route(): void
+    {
+        Event::fake([RouteActivated::class]);
+
+        $feed = Feed::factory()->create();
+        $channel = PlatformChannel::factory()->create();
+
+        (new CreateRouteAction)->execute($feed->id, $channel->id);
+        (new CreateRouteAction)->execute($feed->id, $channel->id);
+
+        Event::assertDispatchedTimes(RouteActivated::class, 1);
+    }
+
+    public function test_create_route_action_does_not_dispatch_for_an_inactive_route(): void
+    {
+        Event::fake([RouteActivated::class]);
+
+        $feed = Feed::factory()->create();
+        $channel = PlatformChannel::factory()->create();
+
+        (new CreateRouteAction)->execute($feed->id, $channel->id, 0, false);
+
+        Event::assertNotDispatched(RouteActivated::class);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/Feature/EventListenerRegistrationTest.php b/tests/Feature/EventListenerRegistrationTest.php
index c5c0fe9a..a6fda0dc 100644
--- a/tests/Feature/EventListenerRegistrationTest.php
+++ b/tests/Feature/EventListenerRegistrationTest.php
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 use App\Events\ActivityLogged;
 use App\Events\ExceptionOccurred;
 use App\Events\NewArticleFetched;
+use App\Events\RouteActivated;
 use App\Events\RouteArticleApproved;
 use Illuminate\Contracts\Debug\ExceptionHandler;
 use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Event;
@@ -25,6 +26,7 @@ public static function eventProvider(): array
             'ActivityLogged' => [ActivityLogged::class],
             'ExceptionOccurred' => [ExceptionOccurred::class],
             'NewArticleFetched' => [NewArticleFetched::class],
+            'RouteActivated' => [RouteActivated::class],
             'RouteArticleApproved' => [RouteArticleApproved::class],
         ];
     }
diff --git a/tests/Feature/FixBelgaFeedOffsetMigrationTest.php b/tests/Feature/FixBelgaFeedOffsetMigrationTest.php
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..4e5c0921
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/Feature/FixBelgaFeedOffsetMigrationTest.php
@@ -0,0 +1,176 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace Tests\Feature;
+
+use Illuminate\Foundation\Testing\RefreshDatabase;
+use Illuminate\Support\Facades\DB;
+use stdClass;
+use Tests\TestCase;
+
+/**
+ * The migration has already run by the time RefreshDatabase hands over, so
+ * these tests seed a pre-migration state and invoke up() against it directly.
+ */
+class FixBelgaFeedOffsetMigrationTest extends TestCase
+{
+    use RefreshDatabase;
+
+    private const OFFSET_ONE_URL = 'https://capi.belga.press/belgapress/api/public/pressreleases?offset=1&count=50&search=&start=&end=&newsroomId=70&language=EN';
+
+    private function runMigration(): void
+    {
+        $migration = require database_path('migrations/2024_01_01_000024_fix_belga_feed_offset.php');
+
+        $migration->up();
+    }
+
+    private function findFeed(int $id): stdClass
+    {
+        $feed = DB::table('feeds')->find($id);
+
+        $this->assertInstanceOf(stdClass::class, $feed);
+
+        return $feed;
+    }
+
+    private function targetUrl(): string
+    {
+        $url = config('feed.providers.belga.languages.en.url');
+
+        $this->assertIsString($url);
+
+        return $url;
+    }
+
+    private function seedFeed(string $url, bool $isActive = true, string $provider = 'belga', string $type = 'website'): int
+    {
+        return DB::table('feeds')->insertGetId([
+            'name' => 'Belga',
+            'provider' => $provider,
+            'type' => $type,
+            'url' => $url,
+            'is_active' => $isActive,
+            'created_at' => now(),
+            'updated_at' => now(),
+        ]);
+    }
+
+    public function test_moves_a_feed_still_on_the_offset_one_url(): void
+    {
+        DB::table('feeds')->delete();
+        $id = $this->seedFeed(self::OFFSET_ONE_URL);
+
+        $this->runMigration();
+
+        $feed = $this->findFeed($id);
+
+        $this->assertSame($this->targetUrl(), $feed->url);
+        $this->assertSame('website', $feed->type);
+        $this->assertTrue((bool) $feed->is_active);
+    }
+
+    public function test_is_idempotent_when_the_feed_is_already_on_the_target_url(): void
+    {
+        DB::table('feeds')->delete();
+        $id = $this->seedFeed($this->targetUrl());
+
+        $this->runMigration();
+        $this->runMigration();
+
+        $this->assertSame(1, DB::table('feeds')->where('provider', 'belga')->count());
+
+        $feed = $this->findFeed($id);
+        $this->assertSame($this->targetUrl(), $feed->url);
+        $this->assertTrue((bool) $feed->is_active);
+    }
+
+    public function test_deactivates_superseded_rows_instead_of_colliding_on_the_unique_url(): void
+    {
+        DB::table('feeds')->delete();
+        $staleId = $this->seedFeed(self::OFFSET_ONE_URL);
+        $currentId = $this->seedFeed($this->targetUrl());
+
+        $this->runMigration();
+
+        // Both rows survive: routes.feed_id cascades on delete, so a superseded
+        // feed is deactivated rather than removed.
+        $this->assertSame(2, DB::table('feeds')->where('provider', 'belga')->count());
+
+        $current = $this->findFeed($currentId);
+        $this->assertTrue((bool) $current->is_active);
+        $this->assertSame($this->targetUrl(), $current->url);
+
+        $stale = $this->findFeed($staleId);
+        $this->assertFalse((bool) $stale->is_active);
+    }
+
+    public function test_adopts_the_oldest_row_when_none_is_on_the_target_url(): void
+    {
+        DB::table('feeds')->delete();
+        $oldestId = $this->seedFeed(self::OFFSET_ONE_URL);
+        $newerId = $this->seedFeed('https://capi.belga.press/belgapress/api/public/pressreleases?offset=1&count=6');
+
+        $this->runMigration();
+
+        // Neither row matches config, so the migration falls back to the lowest
+        // id — the oldest row, which is the one routes are most likely tied to.
+        $oldest = $this->findFeed($oldestId);
+        $this->assertSame($this->targetUrl(), $oldest->url);
+        $this->assertTrue((bool) $oldest->is_active);
+
+        $this->assertFalse((bool) $this->findFeed($newerId)->is_active);
+    }
+
+    public function test_leaves_other_providers_untouched(): void
+    {
+        DB::table('feeds')->delete();
+        $vrtId = $this->seedFeed('https://www.vrt.be/vrtnws/nl/', true, 'vrt');
+        // Seed a belga row too, so the migration actually runs its updates
+        // rather than bailing out at the "no belga feed" guard.
+        $this->seedFeed(self::OFFSET_ONE_URL);
+
+        $this->runMigration();
+
+        $vrt = $this->findFeed($vrtId);
+
+        $this->assertSame('https://www.vrt.be/vrtnws/nl/', $vrt->url);
+        $this->assertTrue((bool) $vrt->is_active);
+    }
+
+    public function test_down_is_a_deliberate_no_op(): void
+    {
+        DB::table('feeds')->delete();
+        $id = $this->seedFeed($this->targetUrl());
+
+        $migration = require database_path('migrations/2024_01_01_000024_fix_belga_feed_offset.php');
+        $migration->down();
+
+        // Rolling back must not restore the offset=1 url that drops the newest
+        // press release.
+        $feed = $this->findFeed($id);
+        $this->assertSame($this->targetUrl(), $feed->url);
+        $this->assertTrue((bool) $feed->is_active);
+    }
+
+    public function test_does_nothing_when_no_belga_feed_exists(): void
+    {
+        DB::table('feeds')->delete();
+
+        $this->runMigration();
+
+        $this->assertSame(0, DB::table('feeds')->count());
+    }
+
+    public function test_does_nothing_when_the_configured_url_is_missing(): void
+    {
+        DB::table('feeds')->delete();
+        config(['feed.providers.belga.languages.en.url' => '']);
+        $id = $this->seedFeed(self::OFFSET_ONE_URL);
+
+        $this->runMigration();
+
+        $feed = $this->findFeed($id);
+
+        $this->assertSame(self::OFFSET_ONE_URL, $feed->url);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/Unit/Actions/BackfillRouteArticlesActionTest.php b/tests/Unit/Actions/BackfillRouteArticlesActionTest.php
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..84fb960c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/Unit/Actions/BackfillRouteArticlesActionTest.php
@@ -0,0 +1,154 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace Tests\Unit\Actions;
+
+use App\Actions\BackfillRouteArticlesAction;
+use App\Actions\CreateRouteArticlesAction;
+use App\Enums\ApprovalStatusEnum;
+use App\Models\Article;
+use App\Models\Feed;
+use App\Models\Keyword;
+use App\Models\PlatformChannel;
+use App\Models\Route;
+use App\Models\RouteArticle;
+use App\Models\Setting;
+use Illuminate\Foundation\Testing\RefreshDatabase;
+use Tests\TestCase;
+
+class BackfillRouteArticlesActionTest extends TestCase
+{
+    use RefreshDatabase;
+
+    private function action(): BackfillRouteArticlesAction
+    {
+        return new BackfillRouteArticlesAction(new CreateRouteArticlesAction);
+    }
+
+    private function route(bool $isActive = true): Route
+    {
+        $feed = Feed::factory()->create();
+        $channel = PlatformChannel::factory()->create();
+
+        return Route::create([
+            'feed_id' => $feed->id,
+            'platform_channel_id' => $channel->id,
+            'priority' => 50,
+            'is_active' => $isActive,
+        ]);
+    }
+
+    private function strandedArticle(Route $route): Article
+    {
+        return Article::factory()->create([
+            'feed_id' => $route->feed_id,
+            'title' => 'A title',
+            'description' => 'A description',
+            'content' => 'Some article content',
+        ]);
+    }
+
+    public function test_it_backfills_articles_missing_a_route_article(): void
+    {
+        $route = $this->route();
+        $article = $this->strandedArticle($route);
+
+        $this->action()->execute($route);
+
+        $this->assertDatabaseHas('route_articles', [
+            'article_id' => $article->id,
+            'feed_id' => $route->feed_id,
+            'platform_channel_id' => $route->platform_channel_id,
+        ]);
+    }
+
+    public function test_it_is_idempotent(): void
+    {
+        $route = $this->route();
+        $this->strandedArticle($route);
+
+        $this->action()->execute($route);
+        $this->action()->execute($route);
+
+        $this->assertSame(1, RouteArticle::count());
+    }
+
+    public function test_it_skips_articles_already_routed_to_this_route(): void
+    {
+        $route = $this->route();
+        $article = $this->strandedArticle($route);
+
+        RouteArticle::create([
+            'feed_id' => $route->feed_id,
+            'platform_channel_id' => $route->platform_channel_id,
+            'article_id' => $article->id,
+            'approval_status' => ApprovalStatusEnum::APPROVED,
+        ]);
+
+        $this->action()->execute($route);
+
+        $this->assertSame(1, RouteArticle::count());
+        $this->assertSame(ApprovalStatusEnum::APPROVED, RouteArticle::first()->approval_status);
+    }
+
+    public function test_it_skips_articles_without_stored_content(): void
+    {
+        $route = $this->route();
+        Article::factory()->create([
+            'feed_id' => $route->feed_id,
+            'content' => null,
+        ]);
+
+        $this->action()->execute($route);
+
+        $this->assertSame(0, RouteArticle::count());
+    }
+
+    public function test_it_does_nothing_for_an_inactive_route(): void
+    {
+        $route = $this->route(isActive: false);
+        $this->strandedArticle($route);
+
+        $this->action()->execute($route);
+
+        $this->assertSame(0, RouteArticle::count());
+    }
+
+    public function test_it_does_not_touch_articles_in_other_feeds(): void
+    {
+        $route = $this->route();
+        $this->strandedArticle($route);
+
+        $otherFeed = Feed::factory()->create();
+        $otherArticle = Article::factory()->create([
+            'feed_id' => $otherFeed->id,
+            'content' => 'Other content',
+        ]);
+
+        $this->action()->execute($route);
+
+        $this->assertSame(0, RouteArticle::where('article_id', $otherArticle->id)->count());
+    }
+
+    public function test_keyword_matching_uses_the_stored_content_without_refetching(): void
+    {
+        Setting::setBool('enable_publishing_approvals', true);
+        $route = $this->route();
+        Article::factory()->create([
+            'feed_id' => $route->feed_id,
+            'title' => 'A title',
+            'description' => 'A description',
+            'content' => 'news from Brussels today',
+        ]);
+
+        Keyword::create([
+            'feed_id' => $route->feed_id,
+            'platform_channel_id' => $route->platform_channel_id,
+            'keyword' => 'brussels',
+            'is_active' => true,
+        ]);
+
+        $this->action()->execute($route);
+
+        $this->assertSame(ApprovalStatusEnum::PENDING, RouteArticle::first()->approval_status);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/Unit/Services/Parsers/BelgaHomepageParserTest.php b/tests/Unit/Services/Parsers/BelgaHomepageParserTest.php
index 15b74342..12eae183 100644
--- a/tests/Unit/Services/Parsers/BelgaHomepageParserTest.php
+++ b/tests/Unit/Services/Parsers/BelgaHomepageParserTest.php
@@ -114,7 +114,8 @@ public function test_adapter_api_url_pins_load_bearing_query_params(): void
 
         $this->assertStringStartsWith('https://capi.belga.press/belgapress/api/public/pressreleases?', $url);
         $this->assertStringContainsString('newsroomId=70', $url);
-        $this->assertStringContainsString('offset=1', $url);
+        // 0-based item index: offset=1 skipped the newest release entirely (#158).
+        $this->assertStringContainsString('offset=0&', $url);
         $this->assertStringContainsString('count=50', $url);
         $this->assertStringContainsString('language=EN', $url);
     }